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Compare Pacific Ocean (2008) - Botswana (2004)

Compare Pacific Ocean (2008) z Botswana (2004)

 Pacific Ocean (2008)Botswana (2004)
 Pacific OceanBotswana
Administrative divisions - 9 districts and four town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Northwest, Northeast, Selebi-Pikwe*, Southeast, Southern
Age structure - 0-14 years: 39.2% (male 310,282; female 302,452)


15-64 years: 56.2% (male 424,613; female 452,801)


65 years and over: 4.6% (male 30,896; female 40,929) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Airports - 85 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 10


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 75


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 54


under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Area total: 155.557 million sq km


note: includes Bali Sea, Bering Sea, Bering Strait, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Gulf of Tonkin, Philippine Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, and other tributary water bodies
total: 600,370 sq km


land: 585,370 sq km


water: 15,000 sq km
Area - comparative about 15 times the size of the US; covers about 28% of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the world slightly smaller than Texas
Background The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five oceans (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). Strategically important access waterways include the La Perouse, Tsugaru, Tsushima, Taiwan, Singapore, and Torres Straits. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of 60 degrees south. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Birth rate - 24.71 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $3.263 billion


expenditures: $3.283 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
Capital - Gaborone
Climate planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Coastline 135,663 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Country name - conventional long form: Republic of Botswana


conventional short form: Botswana


former: Bechuanaland
Currency - pula (BWP)
Death rate - 33.63 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $392 million (2003)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGINS


embassy: address NA, Gaborone


mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone


telephone: [267] 353982


FAX: [267] 312782
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Lapologang Caesar LEKOA


chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990


FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) established a commission with Namibia to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam at Popavalle (Popa Falls); Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundary convergence is not clearly defined or delimited
Economic aid - recipient - $73 million (1995)
Economy - overview The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1996, over 60% of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of the US, Australia, NZ, China, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has led to fluctuations in new drillings. Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $8,800 in 2003. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for nine-tenths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 21%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. Long-term prospects are overshadowed by the expected leveling off in diamond mining production.
Electricity - consumption - 1.564 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 1.183 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 409.8 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench -10,924 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m


highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Exchange rates - pulas per US dollar - 4.9499 (2003), 6.3278 (2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Exports - partners - European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $14.2 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 4%


industry: 48.7% (including 36% mining)


services: 52% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 7.2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 0 00 N, 160 00 W 22 00 S, 24 00 E
Geography - note the major chokepoints are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
Highways - total: 10,217 km


paved: 5,619 km


unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products
Imports - partners - Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Independence - 30 September 1966 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 7.3% (2003 est.)
Industries - diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles
Infant mortality rate - total: 69.98 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 70.96 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 9.2% (2003 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land - 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)
Labor force - 264,000 formal sector employees (2000)
Labor force - by occupation - NA
Land boundaries - total: 4,013 km


border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
Land use - arable land: 0.65%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 99.34% (2001)
Languages - English (official), Setswana
Legal system - based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly elections last held 30 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BDP 44, BNF 12, BCP 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 30.76 years


male: 30.99 years


female: 30.53 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.8%


male: 76.9%


female: 82.4% (2003 est.)
Location body of water between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Map references Political Map of the World Africa
Maritime claims - none (landlocked)
Military branches - Botswana Defense Force (including an Air Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $298.9 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 381,801 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 202,176 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 20,651 (2004 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
Nationality - noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)


adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Natural hazards surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Natural resources oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Seretse Ian KHAMA]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]


note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 1,561,973


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - 47% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate - -0.89% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors - none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)
Railways - total: 888 km


narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)
Religions - indigenous beliefs 85%, Christian 15%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development


domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast


international: country code - 267; two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 142,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 435,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (2001)
Terrain surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Total fertility rate - 3.17 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Transportation - note Inside Passage offers protected waters from southeast Alaska to Puget Sound (Washington state) -
Unemployment rate - 40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.)
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